Thinking Book Review Essay Example for Free

Thinking Book Review Essay Book Review:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The chapter speaks about personal barriers and the system of enculturation. Enculturation meaning the way we were raised up by our families, the culture, work and religion affecting us through the way we see things. Importantly, are the factors of acceptance in society and following those norms through your lifestyle.   The things you eat, drink, religious beliefs, violence and discrimination are all generated by enculturation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When people step aside from the conditions of enculturation, they become more aware of the teachings and the ideas of others. It creates a theme of having an open mind and of better understanding. If the individual would step aside from some of the things brought down by family and the environment it would disregard many of the misconceptions being spread and taught. If those who are unable to resist the process of enculturation tend to be fanatics instead of thinking things objectively on different social and ethical concerns. Critical Review:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, the chapter allows one to reflect upon ourselves to see how culture, environment, and family affect us in many different ways. From the ideology to the way we treat people, we see others who think different than us as ignorant or blind but in actuality it is us who categorize and judge others based on our beliefs. Our own egos get in the way of learning and understanding other people or from experiences we would not have if it was not because of our own ideas. In the long run, we have to rationalize and understand that different ideas and personalities are what make us unique and learn to disagree or agree without regarding your personal emotions. We ourselves placed these personal barriers that as time pasts leads us to regret and stress.

Groups Essay -- Communities Psychology Group Essays

Groups Group Processes and Structures One of the most elementary aspects of group formation may be the experience of common fate, the perception that ones outcomes are bound up with those of others. An even stronger form of interdependence is that shaped by the task goals of the group. Where these bring people into a positive relationship with one another then cooperation, cohesion and enhanced group performance are likely. Negative interdependence on the other hand leads to competition, reduced liking for others in the group and usually lower performance. As the group develops, the roles to be occupied by individuals emerge and develop This process of role differentiation emerges where there is a new group one individual may assume the task-leadership role other may emerge as well. Where the group has been in existence for some time and a member of the group leaves a newcomer may be specifically assigned to take over the role. This division of labour will contribute to peoples identities. As the group developes so also do the expectations members have about what rules and procedures might be appropriate to develop. This is the process of the establishment of group norms. Group members enjoy different amounts of power and prestige which gives rise status hierarchies in groups. Such status differences can generate expectations for group members behaviour. Closely tied to status differentiation are social comparison processes through which individuals can make a...

What Causes Social Intolerance?

‘Across multiple disciplines in the social sciences, the study of social inequality represents a prominent area of research. ’ Social tolerance has commonly factored as a point of political study. This can be seen as a result of an increasingly pluralistic society, which encompasses vast elements of race, religion, ethnicity, sexuality and general diversity. Due to this greater emphasis has been cast upon the concept toleration. To a degree this can be perceived as a result of globalization, which has seen a vast influx of people from low income to high-income countries. Social intolerance can also be viewed within a historical context, for example a prominent area of study is the Nazi Germany treatment of the Jewish race, as well as modern day relations. Throughout my study, I am going to break down with the help of political research, what the main causes of social intolerance are, as the issue of social tolerance continues to be prominent within today’s societies across the globe. There are varying arguments regarding what is the root cause of such intolerance, however, we must recognize that the effects of social intolerance is one which is hard to quantify. This is because ‘how one responds to a survey question concerning attitudes toward a group will not accurately reflect how the respondent will react when encountering an individual from that group. ’ Therefore it is questionable to what degree we can rely on surveys, as often people responses do not always reflect true attitudes, as people can be dishonest, or answer in ways they believe to be more appealing than their true feelings. Social tolerance is a somewhat broad concept. As argued by Professor Popper, ‘Toleration is a necessary consequence of our being human we are all products of frailty: fallible and prone to error. So let us mutually pardon each other’s follies. ’ Thus meaning that we are all subject to such a disposition. Susan Mendes defines tolerance as an appeal to the propriety of allowing each individual to pursue his own life in whichever way he thinks best for him. This justification often refers to the requirement that we show respect for persons as autonomous agents. Such descriptions of tolerance infer that open-mindedness is a crucial condition for peace and stability and a balanced co-existence. It places emphasis upon the individual’s role within society and their responsibility to act in accordance. There is also a moral element in relation to such attitudes ‘a principled recognition that the â€Å"others† have rights even if the exercise those rights in unattractive ways. ’ Within my study, I will be drawing upon research data from previous experiments, and will be using data from the European Social Survey, as the areas I have been predominantly looking at are within Europe and on a personal level, this information is relative to where I live. I believe that ultimately one of the main elements of social intolerance are based amidst certain elements of the demographic. I believe characteristics such as age, religion, education and region shape our prejudices. Our society is ever evolving and broadening, and diversity has become a way of life to many. However, I believe that the older more sheltered and less educated population are more likely to be less tolerant and likely to support false and negative stereotypes, this is because they are less likely to engage with individuals from said groups, therefore they are more likely to support negative stereotypes, and integration helps eliminate such prejudice. Research suggests that those with education, who live in urban areas, or are religious liberals tend to hold more positive attitudes’ I believe that these views will be reflected in on the European Social Survey regarding ‘Qualifying for Immigration’. I am going to focus on the variables demonstrating the influences of economic considerations as well as nationality, as these reflect further arguments demonstrated within my essa y. ‘The immigrant is committed to the way of life in the country they are moving to’. The results support the idea that the immigrant being committed to the way of life ‘is extremely important’ across Europe. It also supports the belief that although economic factors are important, in relation to the immigrant assimilating to the nation states way of life, and both tie in with the arguments regarding social identity. (See Appendix 1 & 2) Social identity theory states that an integral element of an individuals’ sense of who they are is based upon groups that they belong to or identify with. This concept of identity can be related to various levels, such as nationality, ethnicity, religion, color or other characteristics. The result of this is that individuals are able to place themselves within groups that embody such characteristics. Individuals can maintain membership of more than one group. Social Identity theory believes that ‘humans define themselves, as well as others, largely in terms of the social groups to which they belong’. Social intolerance can be seen to develop from relations between different groups, ‘One of the major motivational assumptions of social identity theory is that all people will strive to achieve a positive social identity. ’ As a result of the desire for positive affiliation, to evaluate their own group positively, they are often – though not always motivated to evaluate other groups negatively. This underpins the tendency for social tensions to develop, as it is often installed by the conviction that certain groups are superior. Pressures therefore often arise, as groups believe that the positive elements within ones own group needs to be protected from the negative influences attributed to others. This can result in social prejudice and discrimination where ‘subordinate groups have predominantly negative stereotypic attributions when evaluated by dominant group members. ’ Social dominance theory begins with the observation that all human societies are inherently group-based hierarchies and are inherently oppressive. This therefore means that social intolerance is derived from the hierarchal structure of society, which is composed of domineering group-based structure. Grouping reflects the differing elements within society, such as nation states, races, class, ethnicity, religion, etc. It is believed that only certain individuals are able to be obtain positions of power, and certain characteristics are deemed necessary, such as intelligence. Within this theory it is believed that men are more suited to domineering positions of group power than women. In order for this there are ‘Hierarchy –enhancing environments are social contexts that encourage or reinforce the acceptance and support for social inequality. ’ Legitimising myths are a way in which hierarchal order can be maintained; they are seen as ‘attitudes, values, beliefs, or ideologies that provide moral and intellectual support to and justification for the group’. To phrase it differently, legitimising myths are seen as a way in which discrimination and intolerance can be justified in order to promote structure. This theory is clearly limited in its views, as it does little to explain outer group relationships which may go against the grain of hierarchy. It can be seen that to a certain degree we do construct such social orders within society, but this theory is far too totalitarian and does not fit well within society as it does not explain a magnitude of group relationships. Group conflict theory, as is demonstrated in Sherif and Horland’s Robbers Case Experiment (1954) helps reflect the tensions that can arise through group competition. The Robber’s Cave experiment, between two groups of young middle class boys concluded that ‘intergroup competition rather quickly leads to ethnocentrism and group conflict, but increases levels of inter-group morale, cohesiveness, and cooperation as well. ’ This experiment supports the belief that groups compete and conflict, as these ‘are largely functions of â€Å"realistic† competition between groups over scarce resources. ’ It’s therefore supports the rational choice theory that humans are predisposed to act selfishly and intolerance is often a product of this. For instance if a group hinders another’s best interests either economically, politically or socially, this can cause an out lash of intolerance. Threat to national identity can be seen as a motivating factor in anti immigrant sentiment. It can often be hard for new immigrants to assimilate into another country’s culture, as often issues especially those such as religion and race can make assimilation difficult. The Sniderman study into Dutch culture draws to attention and quantifies these perceived threats to society and identity regarding new immigrants. Sniderman argues that the perceived threat to culture overrides economic threats ‘perceiving a threat to Dutch culture has by the far largest impact in provoking hostility. ’ He argues however that positive economic conditions, as seen within the Netherlands, results in the greater perceived threat against culture. This perceived threat is reflected in Sniderman’s research, which shows that four of every five Dutch want to stiffen immigration requirements when immigrants do not speak Dutch fluently and do not have a good chance to fit in smoothly ith Dutch culture, compared to two of five when they do. To look at the causes of social intolerance, we ought to look more closely at the psychology of the individual. Experimental research has demonstrated that unspoken racial attitudes exist even for individuals who score low on the measures of explicit racial prejudice and these beliefs influence judgements and perceptions. This can be reflected in survey results, as deep within our consciousness, as we are, to a certain extent, affected by the stereotypes and hierarchies that surround us. The psychological view is that implicit racial stereotypes and prejudices are held by everyone because they are part of how the human mind works in the context of a culture including stereotypical representations. ’ The question therefore is, how do we develop such a consciousness? It can be seen through a number of studies which point towards ‘stereotypical portrayals in the media and analyze the history of these portrayals’. It can also be seen that from a young age, those around us, for instance parents and social groups, influence our ideals. We can be seen to adapt to the beliefs of others through the ‘process of self-selection (i. e. , the process by which individuals within a peer group influence each other and become more similar on a characteristic over time). These beliefs can manifest into discriminatory treatment, for example in the understanding of ‘implicit prejudice studies suggest that even among persons who hold sincere belief in race blindness, images and depictions of racial groups learned beginning in childhood are influential on their thinking’. These attitudes can come to surface in particular situations, for instance job discrimination. The regular use of symbols can help change and condition the way in which we think, and can without knowing perforate into our consciousness. ‘Symbolic predispositions are usually strong attitudes normally acquired through classical conditioning in early life. ’ It can therefore be seen as a lengthy and gradual process. The careful use of symbols can play to different ideals of the human condition, for instance certain symbols, such as flags, can install a sense of patriotism and pride, but in contrast, they can also be used to represent social evils, such as the Nazi swastika. People can also be used as symbolic images to install emotion and can represent social freedom, strength and empowerment, as seen through the imagery of Jesus and Martin Luther King, Jr. However, symbols can carry what seems like disproportionate power and can be used to, ‘evoke and mobilize human emotions. Virtually every war in America has been fought around such rallying symbols. Symbols can be manipulated and spun in order to represent something more credible, an example of this is the British National Party, rousing up symbolic patriotic imagery of Winston Churchill and the Union flag to help motivate emotion and support in regards to their immigration policies. Symbols can be used as a tool to play on fear, and can therefore help to breed intolerance by appealing to people’s emotions. It has previously been argued that increased amounts of immigration has generated greater racial friction, it was believed that ‘a superordinate group (e. . , whites) becomes more racially hostile as the size of the proximate subordinate group increases, which punitively threatens the former’s economic and social privilege (Oliver and Wong 2003, 568)’. Therefore it can be seen that the increased levels of immigration generates greater social intolerance. However, in contrast to this argument, recent studies have contended that actually ‘increased contact makes it difficult for groups to accept typically negative stereotypes and also increases the probability of both groups’ holding shared values (Forbes 1997). This supports the belief that racial segregation contributes considerably to social intolerance, as it is believ ed through integration and contact, negative stereotypes and general ignorance can be dispelled when personal relationships are developed. I believe that is a vital factor in the promotion of inter-group relations, that a greater emphasis is played on increased contact. Even though higher immigration levels can cause anti-sentiment, I believe this predominantly affects highly segregated areas, as can be seen within parts of the United States. Economic factors can be a key feature contributing to attitudes of social intolerance. This can be seen upon a personal as well as a collective level. The degree one feels affected by economic threats can be seen as objective, it is argued that ‘opposition to immigrants is rooted ultimately in the economic logic of people’s situations. ’ Therefore it can often be perceived that attitudes to immigrant minorities regarding economic factors are determined by individualistic circumstances. This is evident in regards to unemployment and financial instability. People who can be perceived to be in an awkward financial situation are therefore more likely to be less tolerant, as they are more prone to support the belief that immigration has contributed to their own lack of welfare, jobs and resources. It should not be overlooked that economic factors contribute towards intolerant sentiment, especially as it involves the concept of promoting self-interest. But immigration can also contribute to economic success as reflected through Locke’s line of argument for toleration in regards to Huguenot refugees ‘claiming that the refugees should be accepted since they would bring economic advantages to England. Therefore it must be understood that causality can run both ways. Changes within the demographic can also be seen to have a prominent effect on attitudes towards social tolerance. ‘Research suggests that those with more education, who live in urban areas, or are religious liberals tend to hold more positive attitudes’ G reater education is a vital way in which social intolerance can be controlled. This is mainly due to the enlightenment education casts upon the collective ills and ignorance’s of elements of society which often results in discrimination and social intolerance. Greater toleration can be seen as a result of living in urban areas, as they are more likely to offer diversity and promote assimilation. This supports the social contact theory, which argues that ‘The presence of a large minority population in a highly integrated area will result in more interracial contact, initiating a corrective for the hostility that threat otherwise produces. ’ Both these lines of argument support the theory that segregation helps install greater social intolerance, as through racial integration, individuals can break through barriers such as misconstrued racial stereotypes and prejudice. In conclusion, a common theme throughout has been the presence of different factions within society. Groups have provided the basis for division, therefore resulting in competition, generating all different causes of social intolerance. Ultimately I believe that one of the greatest factors which has contributed to one of the most predominant reasons for social intolerance is the lack of interaction between groups, especially those of race. This has meant that different cultures and groups have found it difficult to assimilate especially within Western society, this has resulted in a lack of understanding and empathy between cultures. This I believe has helped enforce stereotypes bridging a further gap, and therefore greater levels of intolerance. However, ultimately we as individuals need to break these boundaries. From a young age, imagery and symbols are presented to one another, and walls are built between the different sects. However, they can be broken down and proper stable relations can be built between groups, helping a respect and cultural understanding, ultimately resulting in less causations for social intolerance.

Analysis Of The Book Uncle Tom s Cabin - 864 Words

Lauren Drake Ms. Jenkins English 13 November 2014 North and South â€Å"Scenes of blood and cruelty are shocking to our ear and heart† but there are many of them in the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe 272). Uncle Tom, Augustine St. Clare, Evangeline St. Claire, and Eliza Harris are just a few of the main characters in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s amazing story about being taken captive and set free. The book has many settings; the main locations being Canada, New Orleans, and a plantation in Kentucky. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a book that has shaped the past and will continue to shape the future. The book opens with Arthur Shelby, a Kentucky farmer, struggling to keep his farm because of debt. He and his wife Emily Shelby believe that they have a†¦show more content†¦Her father, Augustine St. Clare, buys Tom and assigns him the job of being the family driver. Tom and Eva both share a faith in Jesus Christ and bond over reading of scriptures and singing of hymns. Eliza, during her escape, meets up with her husband, George, who has also run away. They are adamant about getting to Canada soon, but their trip is halted by the discovery of a slave hunter named Tom Loker. Tom Loker surrounds them, but then is wounded by a gunshot to the side. In New Orleans Mr. St. Claire buys a slave girl, Topsy, for his cousin, Mrs. Ophelia to teach. Mrs. Ophelia complains that Topsy is not compliant or willing to learn. Soon Eva and Topsy became good friends. After Topsy knew Eva loved her, â€Å"Topsy did not become at once a saint; but the life and death of Eva did work a marked change in her. The callous indifference was gone; there was now sensibility, hope, desire, and the striving for good – a strife irregular, interrupted, suspended oft, but yet renewed again† (Stowe 126). Eva grows very ill, very quickly, and before she dies she gives a piece of her hair to all of the slaves to remember her. Also, before she dies, St. Claire agrees to free Tom upon his death. But before St. Claire can follow through on his promise, he gets injured in a bar room brawl and dies soon after. Marie, St. Clare s wife, recants St. Clare s promise to

Argentina - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette...

Understanding Global Cultures Argentina Argentina Introduction Argentina is an 8th largest country in the world. Cultural name of Argentina is Argentine and Argentinean. It is located in South America, with borders of Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. Capital of Argentina is Buenos Aires. Primarily, most of the Argentines are European descent, which separates them from other Latin American countries. In Argentina, 97% of population have Spanish and Italian. Spanish is local language and also used into government offices. But Spanish language which use in Argentina is very different from Spanish which is spoken in Spain. There are also other different languages spoken in Argentina like Italian, German, English and†¦show more content†¦It may be because of economic and tradition reasons. Sons and daughters are often staying with their parents until they are 20 years old or until they marry. In nuclear family, mostly couples share their household responsibilities. Generally, women mostly perform household activities than men. In family, property distribution is equally divided between female and male children. The extended family mostly gathers regularly on special occasions festivals. Some members of the extended family meet on a weekly basis like Sunday for lunch. Birthdays, Christmas, and New Years Eve are also occasions for extended family get-togethers. People of Argentina are warm and their sociability brings to the forefront their passion and sentimentality. In addition, Argentina people are close communicators and physically they may often touch each other when speaking, and maintain little physical distance between speakers. Both men and women greet each other by kissing on the cheek. In very formal meetings, men and women shake hands. Form of Government Argentina was adopted national constitution in 1853 and was changed in 1949 by the government of President Juan Domingo Perà ³n. Now, new constitution was again changed and approved in 1994. Argentina is a presidential democracy, with universal suffrage and compulsory voting. According to current constitution, the President is the head of state andShow MoreRelatedBolivias Language, Religion, Arts And Entertainment, Food, Social Customs And Rituals, And Values1192 Words   |  5 PagesBrazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Bolivia is also known for being the only country for having two recognized capitals: Sucre (constitutional) and La Paz (administrative). The purpose of this research paper is to get a better understanding of Bolivia by covering their cultural environment. I will go into further detail about Bolivia’s language, religion, arts and entertainment, food, social customs and rituals, and values. Language Bolivia has 30 official languages. 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I was studying these foreign languages in school and college , but now still I continue learningRead MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 Pagesorientations shaped traditional local culture: the nomadic desert-oriented Bedouins with small oasis farming within the broader context of the desert economy and culture, and the sea-oriented culture that revolved around pearling and sea trading. These subcultures were economically, politically, and socially interdependent, creating a common culture and social identity. The UAE shares significant aspects of its culture with neighbo ring Arab countries and the larger Arab culture. II- Geographical Setting: Read MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 Pagesorientations shaped traditional local culture: the nomadic desert-oriented Bedouins with small oasis farming within the broader context of the desert economy and culture, and the sea-oriented culture that revolved around pearling and sea trading. These subcultures were economically, politically, and socially interdependent, creating a common culture and social identity. The UAE shares significant aspects of its culture with neighboring Arab countries and the larger Arab culture. II- Geographical Setting: Read MoreMultinational Corporations11610 Words   |  47 Pagescountry both at home and abroad. 3. It gives a boost to the industrial activities of home country. 4. MNC s help to maintain favourable balance of payment of the home country in the long run. 5. Home country can also get the benefit of foreign culture brought by MNC s. Disadvantages of MNC s for the host country 1. MNC s may transfer technology which has become outdated in the home country. 2. As MNC s do not operate within the national autonomy, they may pose a threat to the economic and

ADC Tellecommunications Financial Ratio Analysis Essay

ADC Tellecommunications Financial Ratio Analysis Corporate Background ADC Telecommunications (ADCT) is a communication equipment manufacturer located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Since 1952, the company has successfully weathered the tumultuous transformation process of technology. Today, ADC Telecommunications exclusively focuses on manufacturing computer-networking equipment. Increasing demand for fiber optic transmission systems like asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), synchronous optical networks (SONET) and most wireless communications systems, provide significant opportunities for ADCT. The company currently focuses on enabling communications service providers to deliver high-speed services to residential and commercial†¦show more content†¦There were no return on shareholders equity (ROE) industry averages in the Almanac of Business and Financial Ratios, written by Leo Troy. ADCTs ROE ratios are 10.8%, 14.2%, 14.5%, 16.0% and 7.0% for the years of 1995-1999 respectively. One notable trend in the ROE ratios is the 56% drop from 199 8 to 1999. One explanation for this is found on ADCTs income statement. There is a significant drop in net income in 1999 verses 1998. Non-reoccurring charges were 148,977,000 and 9,168,000 for years 1999 and 1998 respectively. These increased expansion costs decrease net income, thus reducing the ROE ratio for 1999. ADCT must focus on revenue generation from these recent acquisitions to improve the return on shareholders equity. This recent drop in ROE needs to be compared to 2000 ROE ratios to provide a more complete picture of future returns for ADCT investors. Profitability Measures The gross margin percentages for ADCT are 52.5%, 50.4%, 50.0%, 50.5% and 51.7% for the years 1995-1999. The industry comparisons of gross margin averages are 43.1%, 40.3%, 41.2%, 40.4% and 40.6% for the same years. One noticeable difference is ADCTs gross margin percentages are consistently 10% higher than industry comparisons. One reason for exceptional gross margin performance is ADCTs sales mixes, sales volume, lower component costs and consolidation through acquisitions. ADCTs gross margin is 10 percent higher than the industry

Law Enforcement free essay sample

Abstract A law enforcement organization is made to serve the community. To make the community a safe place for its citizens to live. A law enforcement organization is made from the agency size, degree of specialization, the philosophy and leadership chosen, the history and needs of the community and the political context of the department. For this paper I will be giving a brief description of the historical development of the Marietta Police department. I will give the mission statement of the department and tell how the mission is accomplished. Lastly in this paper I will cover the changes, if any, I would make to this organization. Early History of Marietta In 1833 nearly 100 people settled in the area of Marietta. The county was named in the honor of Judge Thomas Willis Cobb, Georgia Congressman, U.S Senator and later a judge of the Ocmulgee Circuit of the Superior Court. Marietta’s first courthouse was built in 1834. Furthermore, becoming a FBI agent gives me the opportunity to gain knowledge about variety of different sectors within the law enforcements field. Historical Overview Today in America people dont understand the importance of the Federal Bureau of investigation and how much off help they are. In 1892, most Americans who held positions within Law Enforcement didnt take their Job as serious as they do now, due to the fact that they were more worried about being known to the public rather than solving crimes. That later changed when Theodore Roosevelt became President. President Roosevelt along with appointed Attorney General Charles Bonaparte had put together and formed Bureau of Investigation special agents task force in 1908 (FBI). Once the Bureau of Investigation was established, they began investigating violation laws such as national banking, bankruptcy, naturalization, antitrust, peonage and fraud (FBI).By June 1910 the Bureaus Jurisdictions had its first major expansion, which was also the year when the White Slave act was passed; The White Slave act allows the federal government the right to investigate criminals who evaded state laws but had no other federal violations and it became a crime to transport females across the state line for morally wrong purposes (FBI). By the sasss new requirements were made. Prospective agents had to go through a training course, and agents had to be the age of twenty- five through thirty five (FBI).During the great depression in the United States crimes had gotten out of control, therefore the Department of Justices Investigator had issued their first Law Enforcement Bulletin, which later became the FBI Fugitives Wanted list (FBI). On July 1, 1932, the Bureau of Investigation was renamed the United States of Investigation; A year later in July of 1933 the Department of Justices Investigator was changed to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).The FBI carried out investigations of all threats when they felt it was a threat to the National Security. By the time sasss the FBI had stepped in on a Sabotage Investigation trying to capture four Germany men who placed explosive bombs on the beaches of Management, Long Island and Point Veda Beach in Florida (Wagner). They also were supposed to place explosive bombs in public for the next six weeks. George Dachas, one of the German agents who had turned himself in to the FBI and told the Germanys plans of bombing some parts of U.S, because he was scared of going to prison for life in the United States (Wagner). He helped the FBI capture eight Germany Saboteurs and their case became one of the biggest cases in history, because they stopped Germanys Saboteurs from returni ng (Wagner). In the sasss the Civil Rights Act was passed and the FBI got involved to stop the violence with the UK Klux Klan, the Black Panthers and other protesters (Wagner). They were to help solve murder cases that involved civil rights violations.Around the time in 1970 Director Kelley got involved to help the public trust in the FBI as well as in the law enforcement; he made numerous changes during his time and targeted the raining and selection of FBI and the law enforcement leaders, the procedures of investigation intelligence collection and the proportioning of criminal programs (FBI). During his term he made it a goal to have more women involved in the FBI. After Kelley resigned Judge William Webster took his place.While he was in office the FBI started to use laser technology to detect fingerprints on crimes scenes he also expanded the effort in the foreign counterintelligence, organized crime and white collar crime (FBI). In his time the FBI solved so many cases. FBI laboratory helped the FBI find their criminals fingerprints on a crime scene. For decades Federal Bureau Investigations has spent years trying to protect the United Stated from terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, they were committed to their values and core beliefs.Primary Mission FBI Agents mission is to protect the United States citizen from terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to provide leadership and criminal Justice service to the federal Government, the international agencies and partners (Wagner). Their mission is to bring Justice to those who break the laws in the United States. Diversity of Jobs The FBI is a very diverse field to work in, because the people they employ come from different educational and career backgrounds.Such as lawyers, doctor, accountants, photographers, police officers, etc and their diversity continue to grow. African Americans and Hispanics make up twenty- five percent of FBI employees and women make up forty-five percent. Jurisdictional Authority There are severely other important Federal Law Enforcement agencies, but the Federal Bureau of Investigation is the best known agency in the Federal Level. The FBI is involved on seven different types of investigation such as counterterrorism, uncial crimes, corruption investigation, and Civil Rights (Harmon).The FBI conducts investigation on groups that have hatred towards other races or genders, Foreign Counterintelligence, organized crime and narcotics, violent crimes like bank robbers and application for sensitive government positions. Hiring Requirements In order to become a Federal of Bureau Investigator there are several steps you have to go through. You must be a U. S citizen between the ages of twenty- three through thirty seven with a valid license, your eye sight must be 20/20 and 20/40 (Harmon).To get accepted in the FBI you have to pass the exam thats given as well as do a background check. As far a resume and reference they have to talk to your past employers as well as talk to your family, friends, and colleagues, this can take up to four months for the process to finish (Harmon). If you are accepted you will do 600 hours in training in 15 weeks at the FBI Academy Quantico, Virginia (Harmon). Where you will learn how to gather evidence, case investigation, they study behavior science, master in certain computers science and learn self-defense technique (Harmon).Trainers will also learn how to recognize firearms as well use them and they must become good enough to hit a target 50 yards away (Harmon). After training you will be assigned your first case if you qualified. Top three Greatest Challenges One of the top challenges the FBI deals with is working long hour shifts by spending numerous hours at work or staking out in vehicles. They spend long shift hours on cases trying to fugue the cause on why the incident happened or how can they stop the incident. Another challenge would be traveling all over the United States trying to ether information about your case and how you prevent it from happening. The last challenge would be dedicating all your time to your Job and having to spend less time with your family, from being so involved with your case which takes up the majority of your time. Your Personal Critique I feel that the FBI would be a good field for me to help protect my country from any harm. I feel that working for the FBI is a very demanding Job, that you have to commit to and Im a very dedicated and motivated person that likes challenges and love helping others.